Insitu leaching has been successfully used to extract uranium from permeable sandstones in Texas, Wyoming, and Nebraska, and insitu leaching of copper has been successfully demonstrated in underground copper mines in Arizona, where prior mining has created sufficient permeability for leaching solutions (lixiviants) to contact ore minerals (Bartlett, 1992, 1998; Coyne and Hiskey, 1989; Schlitt and .